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Marie-Jean-Léon Lecoq, Baron d'Hervey de Juchereau, Marquis d'Hervey de Saint-Denys (; 6 May 1823 – 2 November 1892) son of Alexandre Le Coq or Lecoq, Baron d'Hervey (1780-1844), and Mélanie Juchereau de Saint-Denys (1789-1844) was born on 6 May 1823. D'Hervey was a French sinologist. He made an intense study of Chinese, and in 1851 D'Hervey published his ''Recherches sur l'agriculture et l'horticulture des Chinois'' (Transl: ''Research on the agriculture and horticulture of the Chinese''), in which he dealt with the plants and animals that potentially might be able to be acclimatized to and introduced in Western countries.〔Hervey de Saint-Denys (1850). ''Recherches sur l'agriculture et l'horticulture des Chinois et sur les végétaux, les animaux et les procédés agricoles que l'on pourrait introduire... dans l'Europe occidentale et le nord de l'Afrique''. (Studies on the agriculture and horticulture of the Chinese). Allouard et Kaeppelin. Paris.〕 He translated as well Chinese texts as some Chinese stories, not of classical interest, but valuable for the light they throw on Chinese culture and customs. He was a man of letters too. E.g. he translated some Spanish-language works 〔Hervey de Saint-Denys (1847). ''Los Herreros, Le poil de la prairie''. Imprimerie De Boulé. Paris.〕(Text on line ), and wrote a history of the Spanish drama.〔Hervey de Saint-Denys (1850). ''Histoire du théâtre en Espagne ; De la rareté et du prix des médailles romaines''.〕 D'Hervey also created a literary translation theory, paraphrased by Joshua A. Fogel, the author of a book review on ''De l'un au multiple: Traductions du chinois vers les langues européenes'', as "empowering the translator to use his own creative talents to embellish wherever necessary—not a completely free hand, but some leeway to avoid the pitfall of becoming too leaden."〔Fogel, Joshua A. (''De l'un au multiple: Traductions du chinois vers les langues européenes'' (book review) ). ''The Journal of Asian Studies'', ISSN 0021-9118, 02/2001, Volume 60, Issue 1, pp. 159 – 161. Available from JStor.〕 By adoption by his uncle Amédée Louis Vincent Juchereau (1782-1858) he became Marquis de Saint-Denys. At the Paris Exhibition of 1867, Hervey de Saint Denys acted as commissioner for the Chinese exhibits.〔http://www.aibl.fr/IMG/pdf/livret2012_8p_light.pdf.〕 and is decorated by the Legion of Honour.〔() dossier légion d'honneur〕 On June the 11th 1868 the Marquis married the 19-year-old Austrian orphan Louise de Ward.〔() mariage act 〕 In 1874 he succeeded Stanislas Julien in the chair of Chinese at the Collège de France, while in 1878 he was elected a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et de Belles-Lettres. D'Hervey died in his hotel at Paris on 2 November 1892.〔Henri Cordier (1892). ''Necrologie: Le Marquis d'Hervey Saint Denys ''. T'oung Pao- International Journal of Chinese Studies. Vol. 3 No. 5, pag. 517-520. Publisher E.J. Brill/Leiden/The Netherlands.〕〔Alexandre Bertrand (1892). ''Annonce du décès de M. le marquis Léon d'Hervey de Saint-Denys, membre de l'Académie''.(Transl.: Announcement of the death of Marquis d'Hervey de Saint-Denys, member of the Academie). Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Vol. 36, Issue 6, page 377.〕〔Alexandre Bertrand (1892).''Paroles prononcées par le Président de l'Académie à l'occasion de la mort de M. le marquis d'Hervey-Saint-Denys''. Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Vol. 36, Issue 6, pages 392-397.〕 More recently Hervey de Saint Denys has begun to be known for his introspective studies on dreams.〔Green,Celia-Lucid Dreams.Hamish Hamilton Ltd./London;1968.〕 D'Hervey was also one of the earliest oneirologists (specialists in the study of dreams), and is nowadays regarded as "The Father" of modern lucid dreaming. In 1867 there appeared as an anonymous publication a book entitled ''Les rêves et les moyens de les diriger; observations pratiques'' (Translation: ''Dreams and the Ways to Direct Them: Practical Observations''). In a footnote on page 1 from the 1878-edition of Alfred Maury's work ''Le sommeil et les rêves'' D'Hervey de Saint-Denys was identified as the writer of it.〔Maury, A.F.A. (1878).Le sommeil et les rêves;études psychologiques sur ces phénomènes et les divers états qui s'y rattachent suivies de recherches sur le développement de l'instinct et de l'intelligence dans leurs rapports avec le phénomènes du sommeil.Paris:Didier et Cie.(originally appeared in 1861)..〕 Writers like e.g. Havelock Ellis (1911),〔Ellis, H. (1911).''The world of dreams''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin..〕 Johann Stärcke (1912),〔Stärcke, J. (1912). ''Nieuwe droomexperimenten in verband met oudere en nieuwere theorieën''(transl.: New dreamexperiments connected with older and newer theories). In: Psychiatrische en Neurologische Bladen, March–April, Nederlandsche Vereniging voor Psychiatrie en Neurologie,Amsterdam: Uitg. F.van Rossen..〕 A. Breton (1955)〔Breton, A. (1955). ''Les vases communicants. Paris: Gallimard..〕 a.o. refer to the fact that the original anonymous publication was hard to lay hands on as copies were scarce, because shortly after the publication publisher Amyot went broke. Sigmund Freud (Die Traumdeutung.Wien; Deuticke.1900) e.g. states: "Maury, le sommeil et les rêves,Paris,1878, p.19,polemisiert lebhaft gegen d'Hervey,dessen Schrift ich mir trotz aller Bemühung nicht verschaffen konnte"(Transl.:Maury, Sleep and Dreams, Paris,1878, p. 19, argues strenuously against d'Hervey,whose book I could not lay hands on in spite of all my efforts). D'Hervey started recording his dreams on a daily basis from the age of 13. (At page 4 of his work ''Les Reves et les Moyens de Les Diriger'' the author stated that he was in his fourteenth year when he started his dreamwork). In this book, the author proposed a theoretical framework, techniques to control dreams, and he described dreams in which the "''dreamer is perfectly aware he is dreaming''". It was in this work that he first coined the term rêve lucide (transl.: lucid dream) lucid dreaming. It is only in recent years that Saint-Denys was rediscovered for his oneirology work. In an article from Den Blanken & Meijer, the authors wondered about the fact that there were so little biographical data available on such an erudite person as Saint-Denys was, and presented some.〔C.M. den Blanken & E.J.G. Meijer (1988/1991). ''An Historical View of "Dreams and the Ways to Direct Them; Practical Observations" by Marie-Jean-Léon LeCoq, le Marquis d'Hervey-Saint-Denys''. Lucidity Letter, December, 1988, Vol.7, No.2,p. 67-78. Revised Edition:Lucidity,1991,Vol.10 No.1&2, p. 311-322. This article contains an English translation of the forgotten Appendix from the 1867-book.〕〔B. Schwartz (1992). ''Ce qu'on a du savoir, cru savoir, pu savoir sur la vie du marquis d'Hervey de Saint-Denys''.(Transl.: What was supposed to be known and what was believed to be known). Oniros no. 37/38, pag. 4-8. Soc. Oniros/Paris.〕〔Blanken, Carolus M. (1990/2000)-''The Art of Lucid Dreaming: A Manual. Utrecht''〕 (Text on line ). In 1964 Editor Tchou reprinted ''Les Reves Et Les Moyens de Les Diriger'',〔Hervey de Saint-Denys (1964). ''Les Rêves et les moyens de les diriger.'' Paris: Tchou/Bibliothèque du Merveilleux. Preface by Robert Desoille. Edited by Jacques Donnars. This edition does not contain 'The Appendix' from the 1867-book.〕 but the 1867-Appendix, entitled 'Un reve apres avoir pris du hatchich'(Transl.: A dream after I took hashiesj) had, due to its contents, been left out, without indication. In 1982 an abbreviated English edition appeared, which was based on the Tchou-edition, and consequently it did not contain the Appendix either, nor did it refer to it. The Den Blanken & Meijer-article revealed this fact, and the authors presented for the first time an English translation of this Appendix.(Text on line ) Others were stimulated by above,and in 1992 the French Dream Society 'Oniros' held in Paris a commemoration on Saint-Denys. Leading dreamspecialists Carolus den Blanken, Celia Green, Paul Tholey (1937-1998) and Oniros president-elect Roger Ripert paid their respect.〔O. de Luppé, A. Pino, R. Ripert & B. Schwartz (1995). ''フランス語:D'Hervey de Saint-Denys 1822-1892; Biographie, Correspondance familiale, l'oeuvre de l'onirologue & du sinologue; les hommages rendus à l'auteur lors du centenaire de sa mort et l'exposition artistique autour de ses rêves.'' (''D'Hervey de Saint-Denys 1822-1892; Biography, Family correspondence, oneirological and sinological works; Homages to the author on the centenary of his death and artistic exposition regarding his dreams'') Oniros, BP 30, 93451 Ile Saint-Denis cedex. ISBN 2-909318-05-2. The homages are by Carolus den Blanken, Celia Green, Roger Ripert and Paul Tholey.〕 In 1995 society Oniros published an integral French version of Denys' book on dreams, and Italian and Dutch translations appeared.〔Hervey de Saint-Denys.(1995) ''Les Reves et Les Moyens de Les Diriger:Observations Pratiques''. Soc.Oniros/Paris〕〔Hervey de Saint-Denys (2000). ''I sogni e il modo di dirigerli''.Translation by C.M. Carbone , Il Minotauro, Phoenix. ISBN 8886732244, 9788886732246.〕〔Hervey de Saint-Denys (2005/2013) ''Dromen: Praktische Observaties''. ISBN 978-90-82096309. Transl. & Edited by Carolus den Blanken. Publ. Den Blanken/Utrecht.〕 Recently several French editions of ''Les Reves'' has been published. It is not always evident if these (E)books are integral versions or based on the 1964-Tchou edition. ==Oneirology== * Hervey de Saint-Denys (1867). ''Les Rêves et les moyens de les diriger; Observations pratiques.'' (Transl.: Dream and the Ways to Direct Them: Practical Observations). Paris: Librairie d'Amyot, Éditeur, 8, Rue de la Paix.(Originally published anonymous).( Text on line ) * Henri Cordier (1892). ''Necrologie: Le Marquis d'Hervey Saint Denys ''. T'oung Pao- International Journal of Chinese Studies. Vol. 3 No. 5, pag. 517-520. Publisher E.J. Brill/Leiden/The Netherlands.(Text on line ) * Alexandre Bertrand (1892). ''Annonce du décès de M. le marquis Léon d'Hervey de Saint-Denys, membre de l'Académie''.(Transl.: Announcement of the death of Marquis d'Hervey de Saint-Denys, member of the Academie). Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Vol. 36, Issue 6, page 377.(Text on line ) * Alexandre Bertrand (1892). ''Paroles prononcées par le Président de l'Académie à l'occasion de la mort de M. le marquis d'Hervey-Saint-Denys''. (Transl.: Words spoken by the president of the Academy on the occasion of the death of marquis d'Hervey de Saint-Denys). Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Vol. 36, Issue 6, pages 392-397. (Text on line ) * Hervey de Saint-Denys (1964). ''Les Rêves et les moyens de les diriger.'' Paris: Tchou/Bibliothèque du Merveilleux.Preface by Robert Desoille. Edited by Jacques Donnars. This edition does not contain 'The Appendix' from the 1867-book. (Text on line ) * B. Schwartz (1972). ''Hervey de Saint-Denys: Sa vie, ses recherches et ses découvertes sur le sommeil et les reves. Hommage à l'occasion du 150e anniversaire de sa naissance'' (Transl.: Hervey de Saint-Denys: His life, his investigations and his discoveries about the sleep and the dreams. Tribute on the 150th anniversary of his birth). Revue d'Electroencéphalographie et de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Vol 2, Issue 2, April–June 1972, pages 131-139. * Hervey de Saint-Denys (1977). ''Les Rêves et les moyens de les diriger.'' Plan de la Tour: Editions d'Aujourd'hui.(Facsimile reprint of the Tchou-Edition). * Hervey de Saint-Denys (1982). ''Dreams and how to guide them''. Translated by N.Fry and edited by Morton Schatzman. London. Gerald Duckworth. ISBN 0-7156-1584-X. (abbreviated version) * C.M. den Blanken & E.J.G. Meijer (1988/1991). ''An Historical View of "Dreams and the Ways to Direct Them; Practical Observations" by Marie-Jean-Léon LeCoq, le Marquis d'Hervey-Saint-Denys''. Lucidity Letter, December, 1988, Vol.7, No.2,p. 67-78. Revised Edition:Lucidity,1991,Vol.10 No.1&2, p. 311-322. This article contains an English translation of the forgotten Appendix from the 1867-book. (Text on line ) * Hervey de Saint-Denys (1991). ''Les Reves et les Moyens de les Diriger''. Editor D'Aujourd'hui.ISBN F001579835 EAN 265-0001579838. No illustrations. * B. Schwartz (1992). ''Ce qu'on a du savoir, cru savoir, pu savoir sur la vie du marquis d'Hervey de Saint-Denys''.(Transl.: What was supposed to be known and what was believed to be known). Oniros no. 37/38, pag. 4-8. Soc. Oniros/Paris. * R. Ripert (1992). ''Découverte et réhabilitation d'Hervey de Saint-Denys''.(Transl.: The discovery and rehabilitation of d'Hervey de Saint-Denys). Oniros no.37/38 pag. 20-21. Soc. Oniros/Paris. * Hervey de Saint-Denys (1995). ''Les Reves et Les Moyens de Les Diriger:Observations Pratiques''. ISBN 978-2-909318-03-5. Soc.Oniros/Paris. * O. de Luppé, A. Pino, R. Ripert & B. Schwartz (1995). ''フランス語:D'Hervey de Saint-Denys 1822-1892; Biographie, Correspondance familiale, l'oeuvre de l'onirologue & du sinologue; les hommages rendus à l'auteur lors du centenaire de sa mort et l'exposition artistique autour de ses rêves.'' (Transl.: D'Hervey de Saint-Denys 1822-1892; Biography, Family correspondence, oneirological and sinological works; Tributes to the author on the centenary of his death and artistic exposition regarding his dreams'') Oniros, BP 30, 93451 Ile Saint-Denis cedex. The tributes are by Carolus den Blanken, Celia Green, Roger Ripert and Paul Tholey. ISBN 978-2909318035 * Hervey de Saint-Denys (2000). ''I sogni e il modo di dirigerli''. (Transl.: The dream and the way to direct it). Translation by C.M. Carbone , Il Minotauro, Phoenix. ISBN 8886732244, 9788886732246. * Hervey de Saint-Denys (2005/2013). ''Dromen: Praktische Observaties''. (Transl.: Dreams: Practical Observations - Integral Dutch Translation of ''Les Rêves et les moyens de les diriger: Observations Pratiques'')(E-book) ISBN 978-90-82096309. Editor and Translator Drs. Carolus M. den Blanken. (Text on line ) * Hervey de Saint-Denys (2007). ''Les Rêves et les moyens de les diriger.'' No illustrations. ISBN 978-2-915842-23-4 EAN: 978-2915842234. Broché. Editions Cartouche/Paris. Also in E-book format. * Hervey de Saint-Denys, Marie Jean Leon (2008). ''Les Reves et les Moyens de les diriger''. No illustrations. No Appendix. ISBN 9782915495515 EAN: 2915495513. Paperback, Buenos Books International/Paris. * Hervey de Saint-Denys, Marie Jean Leon (2013). ''Les Reves et les Moyens de les diriger''. No illustrations. No Appendix. E-Pub Edition, Buenos Books America LLC. ISBN 9782915495522 EAN 978-2915495522. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marie-Jean-Léon, Marquis d'Hervey de Saint Denys」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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